Longitudinal g
Longitudinal g is acceleration along the car's length: positive when speeding up and negative under braking, measured in multiples of gravity.
Also called: longitudinal acceleration, braking g, acceleration g
Longitudinal g is the push into your seatback when you accelerate and the pull against the belts when you brake. Braking g is usually far larger than acceleration g; a good street car on track tires can brake at more than 1 g, while accelerating at only a few tenths.
The shape of the braking trace is very revealing. An expert's trace rises steeply to peak braking almost immediately, holds there, then tapers off smoothly into the corner. A novice's often ramps up slowly, peaks late and drops off abruptly at turn-in. Each of those soft edges is distance spent not braking hard.
Look at acceleration g at corner exit too: how quickly does it rise after the apex? A late, timid throttle shows up as a flat line. Compare traces from the same corner across laps rather than comparing numbers between different cars.
Braking and exit acceleration traces show exactly where time is lost at either end of each corner.
Each dot is one moment of a lap: cornering (sideways) against braking and acceleration (up and down). Novices draw a cross; experienced drivers fill the circle by blending inputs. Illustrative data.